3.1.2. Unesco

1. Give an oral summary of the information on United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) using the following plan:

1) UNESCO's main objective;

2)Five principal functions performed by UNESCO.

What is UNESCO

UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organiza-tion.

Its constitution was adopted by the London Conference in November 1945, and entered into effect on the 4th of November 1946 when 20 states had deposited instruments of acceptance.

It currently has 188 Member States (as of 19 October 1999).

The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations.

To fulfill its mandate, UNESCO performs five principal functions:

·Prospective Studies: what forms of education, science, culture and communication for tomorrow's world?

·The advancement, transfer and sharing of knowledge: relying primarily on research, training and teaching activities.

·Standard-setting action: the preparation and adoption of international instruments and statutory recommendations.

·Expertise: provided to Member States for their development policies and projects in the form of "technical co-operation".

·Exchange of specialized information.

2. Translate into Ukrainian:

Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Article 1. Purposes and Functions

1. The purpose of the Organization is to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nation” through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations.

2. To realize this purpose the Organization will:

(a) Collaborate In the work of advancing the mutual knowledge and understanding of peoples, through all means of mass communication and to that end recommend such international agreements as may be necessary to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image;

(b) Give fresh impulse to popular education and to the spread of culture, [...] By collaborating with Members, at their request, in the development of educational activities; [...] By suggesting educational methods best suited to prepare the children of the world for the responsibilities of freedom; (c) Maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge; By assuring the conservation and protection of the world's inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science; [..] By encouraging cooperation among the nations in all branches of intellectual activity, including the international exchange of persons active in the fields of education, science and culture [. ].

3. Precis the following Recommendation issued by UNESCO:

Recommendation on the legal protection of translators and translations and the practical means to improve the status of translators

The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, meeting in Nairobi from 26 October to 30 November 1976, at its nineteenth session,

Considering that translation promotes understanding between peoples and co-operation among nations by facilitating the dissemination of literary and scientific works, including technical works, across linguistic frontiers and the interchange of ideas,

Noting the extremely important role played by translators and translations in international exchanges in culture, art and science, particularly in the case of works written or translated in less widely spoken languages,

Recognizing that the protection of translators is indispensable in order to ensure translations of the quality needed for them to fulfil effectively their role in the service of culture and development,

Recalling that, if the principles of this protection are already contained in the Universal Copyright Convention, while the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and a number of national laws of Member States also contain specific provisions concerning such protection, the practical application of these principles and provisions is not always adequate,

Being of the opinion that if, in many countries with respect to copyright, translators and translations enjoy a protection which. resembles the protection granted to authors and to literary and scientific works, including technical works, the adoption of measures of an essentially practical nature, assimilating translators to authors and specific to the translating profession, is nevertheless justified to ameliorate the effective application of existing laws,

Having decided, at its eighteenth session, that the protection of translators should be the subject of a recommendation to Member States within the meaning of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution,

Adopts this twenty-second day of November 1976, the present Recommen-dation.

The General Conference recommends that Member States apply the following provisions concerning the protection of translators and translations by taking whatever legislative or other steps may be required, in conformity with the constitutional provisions and institutional practice of each State, to give effect, within their respective territories, to the principles and standards set forth in this Recommendation.

The General Conference recommends that Member States bring this Recommendation to the attention of the authorities, departments or bodies responsible for matters relating to the moral and material interests of translators and to the protection of translations, of the various organizations or associations representing or promoting the interests of translators, and of publishers, managers of theatres, broadcasters and other users and interested parties.

The General Conference recommends that Member States submit to the Organization, at such times and in such form as shall be determined by the General Conference, reports on the action taken by them to give effect to this Recommendation.

I. Definitions and Scope of Application

1. For purposes of this Recommendation:

(a) the term "translation" denotes the transposition of a literary or scientific work, including technical work, from one language into another language, whether or not the initial work, or the translation, is intended for publication in book, magazine, periodical, or other form, or for performance in the theatre, in a film, on radio or television, or in any other media;

(b) the term "translators" denotes translators of literary or scientific works, including technical works;

(c) the term "users" denotes the persons or legal entities for which a translation is made.

2. This Recommendation applies to all translators regardless of:

(a) the legal status applicable to them as:

(i) independent translators; or

(ii) salaried translators;

(b) the discipline to which the work translated belongs;

(c) the full-time or part-time nature of their position as translators.

II. General Legal Position of Translators

3. Member States should accord to translators, in respect of their translations, the protection accorded to authors under the provisions of the international copyright conventions to which they are party and/or under their national laws, but without prejudice to the rights of the authors of the original works translated.

III. Measures to Ensure the Application in Practice of Protection Afforded Translators Under International Conventions and in National Laws Relating to Copyright

4. It is desirable that a written agreement be concluded between a translator and the user.

5. As a general rule, a contract governing relations between a translator and a user, as well as where appropriate any other legal instrument governing such relations, should:

(a) accord an equitable remuneration to the translator whatever his or her legal status;

(b) at least when the translator is not working as a salaried translator, remunerate him or her in proportion to the proceeds of the sale or use of the translation with payment of an advance, the said advance being retained by the translator whatever the proceeds may be; or by the payment of a sum calculated in conformity with another system of remuneration independent of sales where it is provided for or permitted by national legislation; or by the payment of an equitable lump sum which could be made where payment on a proportional basis proves insufficient or inapplicable; the appropriate method of payment should be chosen taking into account the legal system of the country concerned and where applicable the type of original work translated;

c) make provision, when appropriate, for a supplementary payment should the use made of the translation go beyond the limitations specified in the contract;

(d) specify that the authorizations granted by the translator a1~e limited to the rights expressly mentioned, this provision applying to possible new editions;

(e) stipulate that in the event that the translator bas not obtained any necessary authorization, it is the user who is responsible for obtaining such authorization;

(f) stipulate that the translator guarantees the user uncontested enjoyment of all the rights granted and undertakes to refrain from any action likely to compromise the legitimate interests of the user and, when appropriate, to observe the rule of professional secrecy;

(g) stipulate that, subject to the prerogatives of the author of the original work translated, no change shall be made in the text of a translation intended for publication without seeking the prior agreement of the translator;

(h) assure the translator and his translation similar publicity, proportionately to that which authors are generally given, in particular, the name of the author of the translation should appear in a prominent place on all published copies of the translation, on theatre bills, in announcements made in connexion with radio or television broadcasts, in the credit titles of films and in any other promotional material;

(i) provide that the user ensure that the translation bear, such notices as are necessary to comply with copyright formalities in those countries where it might reasonably be expected to be used;

 (j) provide for the resolution of any conflicts which may arise, particularly with respect to the quality of the translation, so far as possible, by means of arbitration or in accordance with procedures laid down by national legislation or by any other appropriate means of dispute settlement which on the one hand is such as to guarantee impartiality and on the other hand is easily accessible and inexpensive;

(k) mention the languages from and into which the translator will translate and without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 1 (a), further specify expressly the translator's possible use as an interpreter.

6. In order to facilitate the implementation of the measures recommended in paragraphs 4, 5 and 14, Member States should, without prejudice to the translator's freedom to enter into an individual contract, encourage the parties concerned, in particular the professional organizations of translators and other organizations or associations representing them, on the one hand, and the representatives of users, on the other, to adopt model contracts or to conclude collective agreements based on the measures suggested in this Recommendation and making due allowance for all situations likely to arise by reason either of the translator or of the nature of the translation.

7. Member States should also promote measures to ensure effective representation of translators and to encourage the creation and development of professional organizations of translators and other organizations or associations representing them, to define the rules and duties which should govern the exercise of the profession, to defend the moral and material interests of translators and to facilitate linguistic, cultural, scientific and technical exchanges among translators and between translators and the authors of works to be translated. To this end, such organizations or associations might undertake, where national law permits, in particular, the following specific activities:

(a) promote the adoption of standards governing the translating profession; such standards should stipulate in particular that the translator has a duty to provide a translation of high quality from both the linguistic and stylistic points of view and to guarantee that the translation will be a faithful rendering of the original;

(b) study the bases for remuneration acceptable to translators and users;

(c) set up procedures to assist in the settlement of disputes arising in connexion with the quality of translations;

(d) advise translators in their negotiations with users and co-operate with other interested parties in establishing model contracts relating to translation;

(e) endeavour to arrange for translators individually or collectively, and in accordance with national laws or any collective agreements which may be applicable on this subject, to benefit with authors from funds received from either private or public sources;

(f) provide for exchanges of information on matters of interest to translators by the publication of information bulletins, the organization of meetings or by other appropriate means;

(g) promote the assimilation of translators, from the point of view of social benefits and taxation, to authors of literary or scientific works, including technical works;

(h) promote the establishment and development of specialized programmes for the training of translators;

(i) co-operate with other national, regional or international bodies working to promote the interests of translators, and with any national or regional copyright information centres set up to assist in the clearance of rights in works protected by copyright, as well as with the UNESCO International Copyright Information Centre;

(j) maintain close contacts with users, as well as with their representatives or professional organizations or associations, in order to defend the interests of translators; and negotiate collective agreements with such representatives or organizations or associations where deemed advantageous;

(k) contribute generally to the development of the translating profession.

8. Without prejudice to paragraph 7, membership of professional organizations or associations which represent translators should not, however, be a necessary condition for protection, since the provisions of this Recommendation should apply to all translators, whether or not they are members of such organizations or associations.

IV. Social and Fiscal Situation of Translators

9. Translators working as independent writers, whether or not they are paid by royalties, should benefit in practice from any social insurance schemes relating to retirement, illness, family allowances, etc., and from any taxation arrangements, generally applicable to the authors of literary or scientific works, including technical works.

10. Salaried translators should be treated on the same basis as other salaried professional staff and benefit accordingly from the social schemes provided for them. In this respect, professional statutes, collective agreements and contracts of employment based thereon should mention expressly the class of translators of scientific and technical texts, so that their status as translators may be recognized, particularly with respect to their professional classification.

4. Learn the following acronyms and abbreviations. Give their Ukrainian equivalents.

International Educational Organizations

IAE - International Assosiation for the Evaluation of Educational Achievements;

IAU - International Association of Universities;

IBE - International Bureau of Education;

IBO - International Baccalaureate Office;

ICAE - International Council for Adult Education;

ICET - International Council on Education for Teaching;

ICUAT - International Congress of University Adult Education;

IFPE - International Federation for Parent Education;

IFWEA - International Federation of Workers' Educational Assosiations;

ISCED - International Standard Classification of Education;

WED - World Education Fellowship;

WFEA - World Federation of Educational Assosiations.

Students' International Organizations

IAES - International Association for the Exchange of Students;

ISIA - International Student Identity Card;

ISMON - International Student Movement for the United Nations;

ISS - International Students Society;

WSCF - World Student Christian Federation.

Teachers' International Organizations

ATESL - Association of Teachers of English as a Second Language;

CFAT - Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching;

ETA - English Teachers Association;

IAUPL - International Association of University Professors and Lectures;

IFTA - International Federation of Teachers' Assosiations;

IFFTU - International Federation of Free Teachers' Union;

ITA - Independent Teachers Assosiation;

WCOTP - World Confederation of Organizations of the Teachers Profession;

WCT - World Confederation of Teachers.

Translators' International Organizations

ETC - European Translation Center;

GPT - Guild of Professional Translators;

IFT - International Federation of Translators;

III - International Institute Of Interpreters.